© 1998 Rainer Glaser. All rights reserved.
University of Missouri at Columbia
Chemistry 433 - Computational Chemistry - WS98
LITERATURE ON
COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY
Computational Chemistry Today |
Bonding Theory |
Potential Energy Surfaces
Self-Consistent Field Theory |
Hueckel Theory |
Extended Hueckel Theory
Semi-Empirical Theory [
CNDO/1 & CNDO/2 |
NDDO & MNDO |
AM1 & PM3 ]
Hartree Fock Theory [
Basis Sets ]
Post-Hartree-Fock Methods |
Perturbation Theory |
CI Methods |
Model Theories
Properties [
Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) Method |
Atoms in Molecules (AIM) Method |
Charges Fitted to Electric Potential (CHELP) ]
Density Functional Theory
Molecular Mechanics |
Molecular Modeling
Combination Theories
-
COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY TODAY
Molecular Modeling Software in Use: Publication Trends.
Donald B. Boyd, Chapter 5 in Vol. 6 of
Reviews of Computational Chemistry
Kenny B. Lipkowitz, Donald B. Boyd, Eds.;
VCH, Weinheim, Germany, 1995.
ISBN 1-56081-667-8.
BOOK CHAPTER
(Hand-Out)
BONDING THEORY
The Chemical Bond. Structure and Dynamics.
Ahmed Zewail, Ed.;
Academic Press, Inc., Boston, 1992.
ISBN 1-12-779620-7 (acid-free paper).
BOOK
Deciphering the Chemical Code. Bonding Across the Periodic Table.
Nicolaos D. Epiotis;
VCH, Weinheim, Germany, 1994.
ISBN 1-56081-946-4 (alk. paper).
BOOK
The Mechanism of Covalent Bonding.
George B. Bacskay, Jeffrey R. Reimers
J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 1494-1502.
ARTICLE
(Hand-Out)
This JCE article is available online as a
pdf
file with the advantage of having color pictures.
POTENTIAL ENERGY SURFACES
Extending the Diatomic FTIR Experiment: A Computationsl Exercise
To Calculate Potential Energy Curves.
O. Sorkhabi, W. M. Jackson, I. Daizadeh
J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 238-240.
ARTICLE
(Hand-Out)
Morse functions and Hulbert-Hirschfelder functions.
Energy Surfaces and Chemical Reactions.
Chapter 2 in
Theoretical Aspects of Physical Organic Chemistry. The SN2
Mechanism.
Sason S. Shaik, H. Bernhard Schlegel, Saul Wolfe;
John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1992.
ISBN 0-471-84041-6.
BOOK CHAPTER
(Hand-Out)
Probably the best current review on the subject written by the pioneer
of the methods!
Computing Reaction Pathways on Molecular Potential Energy
Surfaces.
Chapter 2 in
Reviews in Computational Chemistry,
Kenny B. Lipkowitz, Donlad B. Boyd, Eds.;
VCH Publishers, New York, .
ISBN 3-527-27620-1.
BOOK CHAPTER
(Hand-Out)
A general method for constructing multidimensional molecular
potential energy surfaces from ab initio calculations.
T.-S. Ho and H. Rabitz
J. Chem. Phys. 1996, 104, 2584-2597.
ARTICLE Discusses the general problem of
constructing multi-dimensional potential energy surfaces from either
gridded or scattered ab initio data. Demonstrates a method based
on "reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces" (RKHS). Do not worry so much about
the mathematics when you read this, look more for the definition of the
problem and see what kinds of applications are being dealt with.
Recognize for example that their most difficult case contains only 3 atoms
(!) and this is far from anything useful for "real chemistry".
Electronic Structuee Makes a Difference: Cytochrome P-450 Mediated
Hydroxylations of Hydrocarbons as a Two-State Reactivity Paradigm.
Sason S. Shaik, Michael Filatov, Detlef Schroeder, Helmut Schwarz
Chem. Eur. J. 1998, 4, 193-199.
CONCEPT ARTICLE
A timely discussion of potential energy surface crossing and spin
inversion in the context of P-450.
QM BACKGROUND & SELF-CONSISTENT FIELD THEORY
Quantum-Mechanical Background.
Chapter 1 inApproximate Molecular Orbital Theory.
John A. Pople, David L. Beveridge,
McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 1970.
Lib. of Congress Nr. 70-95820.
BOOK CHAPTER
(Hand-Out)
Self-Consistent Molecular Orbital Theory.
Chapter 2 inApproximate Molecular Orbital Theory.
John A. Pople, David L. Beveridge,
McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 1970.
Lib. of Congress Nr. 70-95820.
BOOK CHAPTER
(Hand-Out)
Quantum Chemistry Workbook.
Jean-Louis Calais; John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1994.
ISBN 0-471-59435-0.
WORKBOOK
(Hand-Out in part only)
Introduction to Quantum Chemistry.
C. E. Dykstra;
Prentice Hall, Eaglewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1994.
ISBN 0-13-701293-4 (paper).
BOOK
A successful introduction to the quantum-mechanical theory of
vibrational-rotational spectroscopy, electronic structure theory, and NMR
theory.
Modern Quantum Chemistry: Introduction to Advanced Electronic
Structure Theory.
Attila Szabo, Neil S. Ostlund;
MacMillan Publishing Co., Inc.,
Prentice Hall, New York, 1982.
ISBN 0-02-949710-8.
BOOK
Perhaps the best quantum chemistry book on the market. We will cover most
of what is described in this book but our discussions will be more
qualitative. The quantitative aspects are more suitable for QM courses
per se.
Quantum Chemistry.
Ira N. Levine; 3rd ed.;
Allyn and Bacon, Inc.; Boston, 1983.
ISBN 0-205-07952-0.
BOOK
Quantum Chemistry.
John P. Lowe; 3rd ed.;
Academic Press, Inc.; Boston, 1978.
ISBN 0-12-457552-8.
BOOK
HUECKEL THEORY
Molecular Orbital Theory for Organic Chemists.
A. Streitwieser;
John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1961.
Lib. of Cong. Nr. 61-17363.
BOOK
(Hand-Out) Chapter 5 on "Heteroatoms" will be
distributed as a handout.
Das HMO-Modell und seine Anwendungen. Grundlagen und Handhabung.
E. Heilbronner, H. Bock; 2nd ed.;
Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1978.
ISBN 3-527-25775-6 (paper).
BOOK
Introduction to Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Molecular
Modeling.
William B. Smith,
Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1996.
ISBN 1-56081-937-5.
BOOK
This is essentially a book on Hueckel theory (Chapter 1 - 6) with short
additions on extended Hueckel Theory and other electronic structure
methods.
The Hueckel Molecular Orbital Method and
Properties of Hueckel Molecular Orbitals
Section 1.2.1 and 1.2.2 in
Physical Organic Chemistry.
N. S, Isaacs;
Longman Scientific and Technical, co-published in the US with John Wiley
& Sons, Inc., New York, 1987.
ISBN 0-582-00474-8.
BOOK
(Hand-Out)
Hueckel treatment of carbon species with icosahedral symmetry.
Tang, A. C.; Huang, F. Q.; Li, Q. S.; Liu, R. Z.
Chem. Phys. Lett. 1994, 227, 579-587.
ARTICLE
EXTENDED HUECKEL THEORY
Theory of Polyhedral Molecules. I. Physical Factorizations of the
Secular Equation. Hoffmann, R.; Lipscomb, W. N.
J. Chem. Phys. 1962, 36, 2179-2189.
ARTICLE
(Hand-Out)
The basic outline of EHMO theory is presented. Valence minimal basis set.
Hij = K Sij.
Theory of Polyhedral Molecules. III. Population Analyses and
Reactivities for the Carboranes. Hoffmann, R.; Lipscomb, W. N.
J. Chem. Phys. 1962, 36, 3489-3493.
ARTICLE
(Hand-Out)
Describes the Mulliken population analysis for EHMO.
An Extended Hueckel Theory. I. Hydrocarbons. Hoffmann, R.
J. Chem. Phys. 1963, 39, 1397-1412.
ARTICLE
(Hand-Out)
EHMO theory for hydrocarbons.
MO Theory Made Easy. Mealli, C.; Proserpio, D. M.
J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 399-403.
PROGRAM DESCRIPTION
(Hand-Out)
EHMO computations on the PC.
The features of the program CACAO are described in detail in this article.
CACAO is a user-friendly approach to the techniques of EHMO. CACAO comes
with a graphical user interface and allows form the computation and
display of Walsh diagrams and of molecular orbitals in both the
delocalized or contracted modes.
Non-Least-Motion Potential Surfaces. The Dimerization of Methylenes
and Nitroso Compounds.
Hoffmann, R.; Gleiter, R.; Mallory, F. B.
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 1460-1466.
ARTICLE
(Hand-Out)
Counterintuitive Orbital Mixing in Semiempiriacl and ab Initio
Molecular
Orbaital Calculations.
Ammeter, J. H.; BŸrgi, H.-B.; Thibeault, J. C.; Hoffmann, R.
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 3686.
ARTICLE
(Hand-Out)
The Rearrangement Pathway in
[Cp2Mo2(CO)4(RCC-CR2)]+
Cations: An Extended Hueckel Molecular Orbital and Buergi-Dunitz
Trajectory
Study.
Girard, L.; Lock, P. E.; Amouri, H. E.; McGlinchey, M. J.
J. Organomet. Chem. 1994, 478, 189-196.
ARTICLE
(Hand-Out)
Nice review of the Buergi-Dunitz trajectory approach. Very clearly
written.
Hueckel treatment of carbon species with icosahedral symmetry.
Tang, A. C.; Huang, F. Q.; Li, Q. S.; Liu, R. Z.
Chem. Phys. Lett. 1994, 227, 579-587.
ARTICLE
Use of Hueckel Methodology with ab Initio Molecular Orbitals:
Polarizabilities and Prediction of Organic Reactions.
Zimmerman, H. E.; Weinhold, F.
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 1579-1580.
ARTICLE
Choice of Hamiltonian Matrix Elements for SCC-IEH Calculations on
Transition-Metal Complexes.
Blomquist, J. Kjaell, P.
J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 10098.
ARTICLE
Planar Tetracoordinate Carbons in Dimetallic Complexes: Quantum Chemical
Investigations.
Poumbga, C. N.; BŽnard, M.; Hyla-Kryspin, I.
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 8259.
ARTICLE
Moleculare Structure, Dynamics, and Crystal Organization of
[{Cl3(arene)Ru}2[[BF4] and a Bonding
Study by Extended Hueckel Calculations.
F. Grepioni, D. Braga, P. J. Dyson, B. F. G. Johnson, F. M. Sanderson, M.
J. Calhorda, and L. F. Veiros
Organometallics 1995, 14, 121-130.
ARTICLE
SEMI-EMPIRICAL THEORY
Approximate Molecular Orbital Theories.
Chapter 3 in
Approximate Molecular Orbital Theory.
J. A. Pople, D. L. Beveridge
McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 1970.
Lib. of Cong. Nr. 07-050512-8.
BOOK CHAPTER
(Hand-Out) This chapter will be used to
discuss CNDO, INDO and NDDO.
Approximate Self-Consistent Molecular Orbital Theory. I. Invariant
Procedures.
J. A. Pople, D. P. Santry, G. A. Segal
J. Chem. Phys. 1965, 43, S129-S135.
ARTICLE
CNDO and NDDO Approximations.
Approximate Self-Consistent Molecular Orbital Theory. II.
Calculations with Complete Neglect of Differential Overlab.
J. A. Pople and G. A. Segal
J. Chem. Phys. 1965, 43, S136-S151.
ARTICLE
CNDO calculations of diatomic molecules and small polyatomic molecules
(water, ammonia, ethane). Populations, charge densities, dipole moments
are OK. Energy changes due to angle changes also are OK. (Students: Try
to reproduce some of the calculations by yourself!)
Approximate Self-Consistent Molecular Orbital Theory. III.
CNDO Results for AB2 and AB3 Systems.
J. A. Pople and G. A. Segal
J. Chem. Phys. 1966, 44, 3289-3296.
ARTICLE
CNDO/2 is described. Gives good equlibrium angles, dipole
moments, and bending force constants.
Approximate Self-Consistent Molecular Orbital Theory. IV.
Calculations on Molecules Including the Elements Sodium through
Chlorine.
D. P. Santry and G. A. Segal
J. Chem. Phys. 1967, 47, 158-174.
ARTICLE
CNDO/2 for second-row molecules. Gives good equilibrium
angles, dipole moments, and bending force constants.
Parameterization of NDDO wavefunctions using genetic algorithms. An
evolutionary approach to parameterizing potential energy surfaces and
direct dynamics calculations for organic molecules.
I. Rossi and Donald G. Truhlar
Chem. Phys. Lett. 1995, 233, 231-236.
ARTICLE
NDDO-SRF. NDDO is parameterized with specific reaction parameters
(SRF) such that the NDDO data can be used to give highly accurate
potential energy surfaces for the reactions for which they are
parameterized.
Neglect of Diatomic Differntial Overlap" in Nonempirical Quantum
Chemical Orbital Theories. I. On the Justification of the Neglect of
Diatomic Differential Overlap Approximation.
K. Neymeyr and Friedrich Franz Seelig
Int. J. Qunatum. Chem. 1995, 53, 515-518.
ARTICLE
A brief review of NDDO justifications. Heavy on math.
Ground States of Molecules. 38. The MNDO Method. Approximations and
Parameters.
Michael J. S. Dewar and Walter Thiel
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 4899-4907.
ARTICLE
(Hand-Out)
Ground States of Molecules. 39. MNDO Results for Molecules Containing
Hydrogen, Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxygen.
Michael J. S. Dewar and Walter Thiel
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 4907-4916.
ARTICLE
(Hand-Out)
Calculations of Electron Affinities Using the MNDO Semiempirical SCF-MO
Method.
Michael J. S. Dewar and Henry S. Rzepa
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 784-790.
ARTICLE
Semiempirical Molecular Orbital Methods
James J. P. Stewart, Chapter 2 in
Reviews of Computational Chemistry, Kenny B. Lipkowitz, Donald B.
Boyd, Eds.; VCH, Weinheim, Germany, 1990. ISBN 3-527-27845-1.
BOOK CHAPTER
(Hand-Out) AM1 and PM3.
Semiempirical Methods: Current Status and Perspectives
Walter Thiel
Tetrahedron, 1988, 44, 7393-7408.
REVIEW ARTICLE Review of MNDO methods.
Semiempirical Molecular Orbital Methods
Michael C. Zerner, Chapter 8 in
Reviews of Computational Chemistry, Volume 2,
Kenny B. Lipkowitz, Donald B. Boyd, Eds.;
VCH, Weinheim, Germany, 1991. ISBN 3-527-28338-2.
BOOK CHAPTER Review of MNDO methods.
HARTREE FOCK THEORY
Ab Initio Molecular Orbital Theory.
Warren J. Hehre, Leo Radom, Paul v. R. Schleyer, and John A. Pople,
John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1986.
ISBN 0-471-81241-2.
BOOK
(Recommended Text)
Exploring Chemistry with Electronic Structure Methods.,
James B. Foresman, AEleen Frisch, 2nd ed.;
Gaussian Inc.; Pittsburgh, PA, 1996.
BOOK
(Recommended Text)
Basis Sets
Basis Sets for Ab Initio Molecular Orbital Calculations and
Intermolecular Interactions.
David Feller and Ernest R. Davidson,
Chapter 1 in Vol. 1 of
Reviews of Computational Chemistry
Kenny B. Lipkowitz, Donald B. Boyd, Eds.;
VCH, Weinheim, Germany, 1989.
ISBN 3-527-27845-1.
BOOK CHAPTER
(Hand-Out)
Atomic Basis Sets of Gaussian Functions. Chapter 4.3 in
Ab Initio Molecular Orbital Theory.
Warren J. Hehre, Leo Radom, Paul v. R. Schleyer, and John A. Pople,
John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1986.
ISBN 0-471-81241-2.
BOOK CHAPTER
(Hand-Out)
Self-Consistent Molecular-Orbital Methods. III. Comparison of Gaussian
Expansions and PDDO Methods Using Minimal STO Basis Sets.
Marshal D. Newton; W. A. Lathan; W. J. Hehre; J. A. Pople
J. Chem. Phys. 1969, 51, 3927-3932.
ARTICLE
Describes peformance of the basis sets STO-KG.
The Influence of Polarization Functions on Molecular Orbital
Hydrogenation Energies.
P. C. Hariharan; J. A. Pople
Theoret. Chim. Acta 1973, 28, 213-222.
ARTICLE
Describes basis set augmentation by d-functions with exponent 0.8 for C,
N, O and F (6-31G*) and p-functions
with exponent 1.1 for H (6-31G**).
Self-Consistent molecular orbital methods. XXIII. A polarization-type
basis set for second-row elements.
Michelle M. Francl; William J. Pietro; Warren J. Hehre;
J. Stephen Binkley; Douglas J. DeFrees; John A. Pople
J. Chem. Phys. 1982, 77, 3654-3665.
ARTICLE
Describes basis sets 6-31G* and
6-31G** for the elements of the second
row, Na - Ar.
Self-Consistent Molecular Orbital Methods. 21. Small Split-Valence
Basis Sets for First-Row Elements.
J. Stephen Binkley; J. A. Pople and Warren J. Hehre
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 939-947.
ARTICLE
(Hand-Out)
Describes basis sets 6-21G and
3-21G for H and He (Table 1) and for
Li - Ne (Tables 2 and 3)
POST-HARTREE-FOCK METHODS
Applications of Post-Hartree-Fock Methods: A Tutorial
Rodney J. Bartlett and John F. Stanton
Chapter 2 in Volume 5 of
Reviews in Computational Chemistry
Kenny B. Lipkowitz and Donald B. Boyd, Eds.;
VCH Publishers, New York, 1994.
ISBN 3-527-89658-9.
BOOK CHAPTER
(Hand-Out)
PERTURBATION THEORY
MODERN CI METHODS
MODEL THEORIES (G1, G2 et al.)
Gaussian-1 theory: A general procedure for prediction of molecular
energies
John A. Pople, Martin Head-Gordon, Douglas J. Fox, Krishnan Raghavachari,
and Larry A. Curtiss
J. Chem. Phys. 1989, 90, 5622-5629.
ARTICLE
(Hand-Out)
Gaussian-2 theory for molecular energies of first- and second-row
compounds
Larry A. Curtiss, Krishnan Raghavachari, Gary W. Trucks, and John A. Pople
J. Chem. Phys. 1991, 94, 7221-7230.
ARTICLE
(Hand-Out)
Gaussian-2 theory using reduced Moeller-Plesset orders
Larry A. Curtiss, Krishnan Raghavachari, and John A. Pople
J. Chem. Phys. 1993, 98, 1293-1298.
ARTICLE
(Hand-Out)
A complete basis set model chemistry. V. Extensions to six and more
heavy atoms
Joseph W. Ochterski, G. A. Petersson, and J. A. Montomery, Jr.
J. Chem. Phys. 1996, 104, 2598-2619.
ARTICLE
(Hand-Out)
PROPERTIES
Computational Quantum Chemistry.
Alan Hinchcliffe,
John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1988.
ISBN 0-471-91716-8.
BOOK
(Hand-Out of selected pages)
Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) Method
Natural Resonance Theory: I. General Formalism
E. D. Glendening, F. Weinhold
J. Comput. Chem. 1998, 19, 593-609.
ARTICLE
Natural Resonance Theory: II. Natural Bond Order and Valency
E. D. Glendening, F. Weinhold
J. Comput. Chem. 1998, 19, 610-627.
ARTICLE
Natural Resonance Theory: III. Chemical Applications
E. D. Glendening, F. Weinhold
J. Comput. Chem. 1998, 19, 628-646.
ARTICLE
Atoms in Molecules
Atoms in Molecules - A Quantum Theory.
Richard F. W. Bader,
Oxford Science Publications, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1990.
ISBN 0-19-855168-1.
BOOK
Charges Fitted to the Electric Potential
Charges Fit to Electric Potentials. II. Can Atomic Charges Be
Unambigiously Fit to Electrostatic Potentials?
M. Miller Francl, C. Carey, L. E. Chirlian, D. M. Gange
J. Comput. Chem. 1996, 17, 367-383.
ARTICLE
DENSITY FUNCTIONAL METHODS
An Introduction to Density Functional Theory.
Libero J. Bartoletti, Ken Flurchick, Chapter 4 in Vol. 7 of
Reviews od Computational Chemistry
Kenny B. Lipkowitz, Donald B. Boyd, Eds.;
VCH, Weinheim, Germany, 1996.
ISBN 1-56081-915-4.
BOOK CHAPTER
(Hand-out)
Density Functional Methods in Biomolecular Modeling.
Alain St-Amant,
Chapter 5 in Vol. 7 of
Reviews of Computational Chemistry
Kenny B. Lipkowitz, Donald B. Boyd, Eds.;
VCH, Weinheim, Germany, 1996.
ISBN 1-56081-915-4.
BOOK CHAPTER
Kohn-Sham density-functional theory within a finite basis set
John A. Pople, Peter M. W. Gill, Benny M. W. Gill
Chem. Phys. Lett. 1992, 197, 557-560.
ARTICLE
The performance of the Becke-Lee-Yang-Parr (B-LYP) density
functional theory with various basis sets
Peter M. W. Gill, Benny M. W. Gill, John A. Pople, and Michael J. Frisch
Chem. Phys. Lett. 1992, 197, 499-505.
ARTICLE
The performance of a family of density functional methods
Benny G. Johnson, Peter M. W. Gill, John A. Pople
J. Chem. Phys. 1993, 98, 5612-5626.
ARTICLE
(Hand-out)
Approximate Density Functional Theory as a Practical Tool in Molecular
Energetics and Dynamics.
Tom Ziegler
Chem. Rev. 1991, 91, 651-667.
REVIEW
MOLECULAR MECHANICS
Molecular Mechanics.
U. Burkert, N. L. Allinger;
ACS Monograph 177,
American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., 1982.
ISBN 0-8412-0584-1.
BOOK
MOLECULAR MODELING
Exploring QSAR. Fundamentals and Applications in Chemistry and
Biology.
Corwin Hansch, Albert Leo;
ACS Professional Reference Book Series
S. R. Heller, Cons. Ed.;
American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., 1995.
ISBN 0-8412-2993-7 (set with Tables).
BOOK
Exploring QSAR. Hhydrophobic, Electronic, and Steric Constants.
Corwin Hansch, Albert Leo, David Hoekman
ACS Professional Reference Book Series
S. R. Heller, Cons. Ed.;
American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., 1995.
ISBN 0-8412-2993-7 (set with textbook).
TABLES
QSAR: Hansch Analysis and Related Approaches.
Hugo Kubinyi;
Vol. 1 of
Methods and Principles in Medicinal Chemistry
R. Mannhold, H. Kubinyi, H. Timmerman, Eds.;
VCH, Weinheim, Germany, 1993.
ISBN 3-527-30035-X.
BOOK
Molecular Modeling. Basic Principles and Applications.
H.-D. Hoeltje, H. Folkers;
Vol. 5 of
Methods and Principles in Medicinal Chemistry
R. Mannhold, H. Kubinyi, H. Timmerman, Eds.;
VCH, Weinheim, Germany, 1996.
ISBN 3-527-29384-1.
BOOK This book was recently reviewed, see
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 2020-2021.
Molecular Modelling. Principles and Applications.
A. R. Leach;
Addison Wesley Longman, Singapore, 1996.
ISBN 0-582-23933-8.
BOOK This book was recently reviewed, see
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 2020-2021.
COMBINATION THEORIES
Methods and Applications of Combined Quantum Mechanical and Molecular
Mechanics Potentials.
Jiali Gao, Chapter 3 in Vol. 7 of
Reviews od Computational Chemistry
Kenny B. Lipkowitz, Donald B. Boyd, Eds.;
VCH, Weinheim, Germany, 1996.
ISBN 1-56081-915-4.
BOOK CHAPTER